Did you know your nails are dead? It’s true! The visible part of your nails is no longer living. However, nails originate from a tiny pocket under the skin, called the nail matrix, where newly-made living cells continuously force the old ones out. Certain medications and diseases can lead to problems with nail matrix activity causing nails to become weak and fragile. Yet, internal conditions are not the only factors determining your nail health. The outer nail covering, called the nail plate, is made up of the strong protein, keratin, which helps protect it from external damage. Environmental exposures play an important role in the strength of the nail plate. So, what can you do to achieve beautiful nails from the inside and out?
- Moisturize your hands every time you wash
Dehydration of the nail plate is one of the most important causes of nail brittleness. If you wash our hands often, the nail plate dries out, leading to damaged, fragile nails. However, the use of a good hand moisturizer right after washing will replenish moisture and protect your nails from dehydration. In addition, application of cuticle oils can further protect the underlying nail matrix, leading to stronger, healthier nails.
- Avoid irritants
I often cringe when patients say they clean surfaces and do dishes without gloves. The strong chemicals in cleaning products are seriously harsh on the hands and nails. When possible, protect your hands with rubber gloves while cleaning. In addition, opt for hand soaps that are fragrance-free with fewer irritants (Free & Clear and Vanicream brands are my favorites).
- Apply a topical nail strengthener
Over-the-counter nail strengtheners that contain ingredients like hyaluronic acid and mastic oil (produced by the plant Pistacia lentiscus) have been shown in studies to synthesize nail keratins and their proteins, increasing the thickness and strength of the nail. My favorite nail strengthener is Isdin Si-Nails, which comes in an easy applicator pen, and can result in stronger and more durable nails in as little as 2 weeks. Prescription nail strengtheners, such as Genadur and Nuvail, are also good options, but they can be expensive and not always covered by health insurance.
- Limit manicures
Many individuals choose gel or acrylic nail manicures hoping to protect the underlying nail while it grows, however, these treatments can actually weaken the nail over time. In addition, the removal process may require soaking in chemicals, like acetone, which are very drying to the nail. Remember, nails need time to breathe, so avoid wearing nail polish continuously.
- Consider taking a biotin-containing vitamin
Vitamin deficiencies are rarely the sole cause of nail disorders, but biotin-containing vitamins can be beneficial in treating brittle nails. Just be sure to tell your health care provider you are taking these supplements as they may affect laboratory test results.
In short, there are many things that you can do to improve the health and beauty of your nails. I would love to hear what works for you. Please feel free to comment or send questions below.
References
- American Academy of Dermatology (2020). What kids should know about how nails grow. Available at: https://www.aad.org/public/parents-kids/healthy-habits/parents/kids/nails-grow. Accessed 4/28/20.
- Brady, K. (2019). How to grow stronger, healthier nails, according to dermatologists. Available at: https://www.prevention.com/health/a20516850/14-secrets-to-strengthen-brittle-nails/. Accessed 4/28/20.
- Hochman, L., Scher, R., & Meyerson, M. (1993). Brittle nails: response to daily biotin supplementation. Cutis, 51(4), 303-305.
- Piraccini, B., Granger, C., Alessandrini, A., Brandi, N., Bruni, F., Mandel, V., Pellacani, G., & Starace, M. (2019). Clinical and instrumental objective evidence of the efficacy of a new water-based nail-strengthening solution containing Pistacia lentiscus and hyaluronic acid applied for up to 6 months to improve the appearance of weak, brittle nails. Dermatology and Therapy, 10, 119-131.
- Ross-Hazel, L. (2018). What are nails made of? And 18 other things you should know about nails. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/what-are-nails-made-of#1. Accessed 4/28/20.